What must every give-way vessel do as per the navigation rules?

The requirement for every give-way vessel, as outlined in the navigation rules, is to make early and substantial action to keep clear of the stand-on vessel. This means that the give-way vessel must take proactive measures, ensuring it alters its course or speed in a way that clearly communicates its intentions to avoid a collision. The emphasis on "early" and "substantial" actions indicates that the give-way vessel should not wait until the last moment to react, but rather take measures well in advance to avoid any uncertainty in the situation. The goal is to promote safety on the water by allowing the stand-on vessel to maintain its course and speed without interruption.

This rule is paramount for promoting safe navigation and preventing collisions, as it places the responsibility on the give-way vessel to take action rather than relying on the stand-on vessel to yield or change its trajectory. Thus, adhering to this principle is crucial for the safety of all vessels involved in a navigational meeting.